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ADHD Medications – What Are the Side Effects? Many people suffering from ADHD are prescribed medication for the condition. It can help alleviate symptoms, but it also can cause adverse effects. If you have side effects, talk to your GP about them. Stimulants are among the most popular type of prescription medication that healthcare doctors prescribe to treat ADHD. These drugs increase the levels of brain chemicals, also known as neurotransmitters, which regulate attention and behaviour. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a first-choice stimulant used to treat ADHD in adults and children. It works by enhancing the activity in brain areas that regulate behavior and attention. Methylphenidate is also sometimes used to treat other conditions like the condition known as narcolepsy. It can aid people suffering from the condition to stay alert and improve their ability focus and pay attention. This medication has a very high potential for abuse and is classified as a Schedule II drug in the US Drug Enforcement Agency. add adult medications can be taken exactly as prescribed to lower the risk of abuse and adverse effects. Methylphenidate can trigger psychotic symptoms for certain people. It can also increase the severity of behavior and tics for some people with Tourette syndrome or bipolar disorder. Before taking this medication, those suffering from these conditions must inform their doctor. Inform your doctor if you are any other health problems or if you're allergic to food or dyes. (For example, tartrazine is a yellow dye that is present in processed foods as well as in some medications. If you're on Adhansia, XR). Methylphenidate can interact with certain medications, including opioids, antidepressants, and monoamine oxide inhibitors, like isocarboxazid (Marplan) Linezolid (Zyvox), methylene blue, phenelzine (Nardil) and rasagiline (Azilect) selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar), or tranylcypromine (Parnate). Avoid drinking alcohol and other stimulants while taking methylphenidate. These drugs may affect your heart rate or blood pressure. The methylphenidate tablets that are immediate-release (Ritalin) and chewable tablets with long-acting properties and the long-acting oral disintegrating capsule (Quillichew ER and Cotempla XR-ODT) contain phenylalanine. It can be dangerous if you have a genetic disorder known as Phenylketonuria (PKU). Bupropion Bupropion, an antidepressant medication is a brain stimulant and improves mood. It also eases the symptoms of ADHD. It can also be used to treat depression and seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a type of depression that is common in the fall and winter months. It can also help people quit smoking by reducing the craving for nicotine and withdrawal symptoms. Several studies of adults have revealed that bupropion improves ADHD symptoms compared to placebo. The pooled fixed-effect RR for week-6 improvement (using an improvement that is clinically significant of 30% or more on the CGI scale) is 1.14 (95 percent of the interval 0.95 to 1.37) and, for overall response, the proportion of better subjects was 52% in the bupropion group, compared with 37% in the placebo group. Bupropion can cause serious and even life-threatening interactions when used in conjunction in conjunction with other medications. These include sedatives and antidepressants and blood pressure medications. It may also increase seizure risk in people who have an history of seizures or high blood pressure. It is not recommended for certain medical conditions, and women who are pregnant or nursing should not take it. Bupropion is available as the brand-name medication Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL, Zyban, Budeprion SR, Aplenzin, and Forfivo XL. It is also available as generic drug. Tricyclic antidepressants Tricyclic Antidepressants, or TCAs, are a class of medications that work by altering brain chemicals. They were one of the first antidepressants to be developed, and although they are no longer a first-line treatment for depression, they can still be effective for some patients suffering from other ailments. They inhibit the reuptake process of dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline, increasing their levels in neurons. They are also useful in relieving a number of other conditions, including enuresis and pain syndromes, such as fibromyalgia, the phantom limb syndrome. TCAs can be effective in treating ADHD symptoms, whether they are administered on their own or combined with stimulants. They can improve core ADHD symptoms and reduce depression, anxiety, and the tendency to be impulsive. They can also aid in managing tics. These are uncontrollable repetitive movements or sounds such as blinking or throat clearing. TCAs can cause adverse effects, such as dry mouth and sedation, and can increase the risk of developing cardiovascular problems. They can interact with other medications, including anticholinergics, and should be avoided in pregnant women. These medications are also known to cause teratogenic effects in animals and they can cross the placenta. Consult your doctor if you are concerned. There are antidepressants that are more recent that are less likely of side effects. Selective serotonin inhibition of reuptake (SSRIs). The SSRIs are a class of drugs that block serotonin reuptake by neurons and increase the amount of serotonin that is available for signaling. They also reduce anxiety and lower impulsive behavior. They are utilized to treat adhd because they can assist some people with their symptoms and can work when used in conjunction with other medications. Examples of SSRIs include fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, and citalopram. They have linear pharmacokinetics and have low clearance from the body, but they are extensively metabolized the liver by CYP450 enzymes. This causes varying blood levels. These medications can also be prescribed to treat other disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), generalized anxiety disorder and the bulimia-nervosa. The SSRIs fluoxetine, escitalopram, and sertraline could help in reducing PTSD symptoms. They don't appear to be effective in treating other PTSD symptoms. The SSRIs can trigger an uncommon side effect of sexual dysfunction. It is important to discuss this with your doctor if you are thinking of taking one of these medications. A lot of people must try several different kinds of ADHD medication before they find the one that is suitable for them. The development and research of new medication is ongoing. It is crucial to inform your doctor about all medications you use. Selective norepinephrine Reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) If stimulant drugs don't work for adults suffering from ADHD doctors prescribe a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibit (SNRI). These medications boost the levels of two brain chemicals called serotonin and norepinephrine. They also improve mood and reduce anxiety and depression. SNRIs are similar to TCAs, but they are safer and have fewer adverse effects. They are prescribed for a variety of ailments like anxiety disorders, long-term pain such as fibromyalgia and nerve pain. Sometimes, they are used to treat depression in addition. Examples of SNRIs are duloxetine (Cymbalta) and Venlafaxine (Effexor). They work by preventing the reabsorption (reuptake) of norepinephrine, which is a natural process in the brain following neurotransmission. This causes a greater than normal phasic release of norepinephrine. The increased norepinephrine levels help increase concentration and mood. Although SNRIs aren't endorsed by the FDA to treat ADHD However, some doctors are using as an alternative to stimulants. They are usually taken orally in the form of pills, but they can be taken as patches or liquids. The FDA approved a SNRI for oral use known as viloxazine or Qelbree, to treat ADHD among children and adolescents in April 2021. It is not a controlled medication since it doesn't have the potential of being misused. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) SNRIs are antidepressants that alter the levels of serotonin as well as norepinephrine in the brain. They are prescribed to treat depression and anxiety disorders but they can also help manage ADHD symptoms. SNRI drugs like duloxetine or venlafaxine have been demonstrated in several studies to significantly decrease scores on a variety of ADHD questionnaires. SNRIs may increase blood pressure or interact with certain medications. It is essential to speak with a physician prior to taking these medications. Additionally, improperly disposed medication could cause harm to people and animals. It is therefore essential to follow the proper disposal guidelines. SSRIs or SNRIs have not been approved by the FDA to treat ADHD However, doctors may prescribe them off-label. They are safe, effective, and have less adverse effects than stimulants. Talk to your doctor regarding your child's symptoms and discuss the pros and cons of these medications. SNRIs may not be appropriate for everyone. For instance women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not use SNRIs as they could be passed into breast milk. They should also not be used by people who suffer from high blood pressure, liver issues, or other cardiovascular conditions. Selective dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (DARPIs). Many people with ADHD find that medication helps improve their focus and attention. Some may also notice a reduction in impulsive behavior. The medication is usually combined with behavioral therapy and training to help individuals learn how to control their symptoms. Finding the right medication for each person takes time. In this period doctors will be monitoring the physical reactions of patients to determine the right balance between side effects and benefits. Stimulant drugs, such as methylphenidate, increase the activity of specific brain chemicals that control memory and attention. While they are generally effective and safe for the majority of people, they can cause serious side effects like decreased appetite and difficulty sleeping. These effects typically subside within a few days as your body adapts to the medication. Adults and children alike can take non-stimulant medicines. They take longer to begin working, but they can improve concentration and impulse control. They can include alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (atomoxetine viloxazine) and guanfacine hydrochloride. Antidepressants are also effective for treating ADHD. They can boost norepinephrine levels which is a neurotransmitter within the brain that aids in the impulsive behavior and depression. Bupropion, an antidepressant has been used to treat ADHD. It was initially prescribed “off-label” for ADHD, but drugmakers eventually came up with extended-release versions, and the FDA approved it as a treatment for this condition.